ABSTRACT
The standardized application of antibacterial agents in the treatment of biliary tract diseases is of great significance.On the basis of international and domestic guidelines and consensuses, combining with the actual situation of Chinese biliary tract infection, Study Group of biliary Tract Surgery in Chinese Society of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Surgery organized experts to make recommendations which adopted a problem-oriented approach on the severity grade of biliary tract infection, the protocol of specimen examination, the use of antibiotics, the indication of drug withdrawal, the agents application strategy of drug-resistant bacteria infection and special situation to guide surgeons getting the accurate judgement of the severity of biliary tract infection and the formulation of standard protocols for the use of antibacterial agents on the premise of following the bacteriological and drug resistance monitoring information.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Reference Standards , Therapeutic Uses , Bacterial Infections , Drug Therapy , Microbiology , Bile Duct Diseases , Drug Therapy , Microbiology , Biliary Tract , Microbiology , Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures , ConsensusABSTRACT
The standardized application of antibacterial agents in the treatment of biliary tract diseases is of great significance.On the basis of international and domestic guidelines and consensuses, combining with the actual situation of Chinese biliary tract infection, Study Group of biliary Tract Surgery in Chinese Society of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Surgery organized experts to make recommendations which adopted a problem-oriented approach on the severity grade of biliary tract infection, the protocol of specimen examination, the use of antibiotics, the indication of drug withdrawal, the agents application strategy of drug-resistant bacteria infection and special situation to guide surgeons getting the accurate judgement of the severity of biliary tract infection and the formulation of standard protocols for the use of antibacterial agents on the premise of following the bacteriological and drug resistance monitoring information.
ABSTRACT
Postmortem interval （PMI） estimation is a major problem in forensic medicine and a vital indicator of crime investigations. Forensic entomology provides a new way to the PMI estimation, and its superiority has been confirmed through many cases, especially in relation to the cadaver at the stage of advanced decomposition even skeleton. The technologies of forensic entomology have become more mature. This review describes the mechanism of forensic entomology used for PMI estimation, emphasizes the standardized application of technology, and lists the data for the reference of forensic experts in China.